VO2 Max Improvement - Age Metrics Medical Costa Rica
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What is Vo2 Max?
Vo2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is typically expressed in milliliters of oxygen per minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/min/kg). Vo2 max is considered an important indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance, and it is often used to assess an individual’s potential for endurance exercise and sports performance.
Vo2 max is typically measured during a graded exercise test, in which an individual performs increasing levels of intensity on a treadmill or stationary bike while wearing a mask that measures the amount of oxygen they are inhaling and exhaling. The test is stopped when the individual reaches their maximum level of exertion or when they can no longer continue due to fatigue. The highest level of oxygen uptake during the test is considered the individual’s Vo2 max.
Vo2 max can vary widely among individuals and is influenced by a number of factors, including age, gender, genetics, training status, and body composition. It is generally accepted that higher levels of Vo2 max are associated with better cardiovascular fitness and athletic performance. However, it is important to note that Vo2 max is just one factor that can impact athletic performance, and other factors such as muscle strength, power, and technique also play important roles.
HGH and Vo2 Max- Can HGH Improve V02 Max Levels?
Human growth hormone (HGH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a number of important roles in the body, including regulating growth and development during childhood and adolescence. HGH levels naturally decline with age, and some people use HGH supplements or injections to try to increase HGH levels in an effort to improve athletic performance or to address age-related changes in the body.
There is some evidence to suggest that HGH may have a positive effect on Vo2 max, which is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. For example, a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that HGH supplementation in healthy older men increased Vo2 max by an average of 10%. However, it is important to note that the effects of HGH on Vo2 max and athletic performance are not well understood, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using HGH for these purposes.
It is also important to note that HGH is a controlled substance and is illegal to use without a prescription. The use of HGH without medical supervision can be dangerous and may carry significant health risks. It is important for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider before using any type of HGH supplement or injection.
Testosterone and Vo2 Max - Can TRT Increase Vo2 Max Levels?
Testosterone is a male sex hormone that plays a number of important roles in the body, including regulating the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics, muscle mass, and bone density. Testosterone levels naturally decline with age, and some people use testosterone supplements or injections to try to increase testosterone levels in an effort to improve athletic performance or address age-related changes in the body.
There is some evidence to suggest that testosterone may have a positive effect on Vo2 max, which is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. For example, a study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that testosterone supplementation in older men increased Vo2 max by an average of 7%. However, it is important to note that the effects of testosterone on Vo2 max and athletic performance are not well understood, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using testosterone for these purposes.
It is also important to note that testosterone is a controlled substance and is only legal to use with a prescription. The use of testosterone without medical supervision can be dangerous and may carry significant health risks, including an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and prostate cancer. It is important for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider before using any type of testosterone supplement or injection.
Tracking Your Vo2 Max - Wearables that Estimate Vo2 Max
There are several wearable devices that claim to estimate Vo2 max, which is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. Vo2 max is considered an important indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance, and it is often used to assess an individual’s potential for endurance exercise and sports performance.
Some popular wearable devices that claim to estimate Vo2 max include:
Garmin Forerunner 245 Music: This GPS running watch uses heart rate and other data to estimate Vo2 max during running and cycling activities.
Fitbit Charge 4: This fitness tracker uses heart rate and other data to estimate Vo2 max during running and cycling activities.
Apple Watch Series 6: This smartwatch uses heart rate and other data to estimate Vo2 max during running and cycling activities.
It is important to note that the accuracy of Vo2 max estimates from wearable devices can vary, and they should not be used as a substitute for a laboratory-based Vo2 max test. Wearable devices can be a useful tool for tracking fitness and progress, but it is important to use them in conjunction with other methods of monitoring fitness, such as regular exercise and consultation with a healthcare provider.
nd some people use testosterone supplements or injections to try to increase testosterone levels in an effort to improve athletic performance or address age-related changes in the body.
There is some evidence to suggest that testosterone may have a positive effect on Vo2 max, which is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. For example, a study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that testosterone supplementation in older men increased Vo2 max by an average of 7%. However, it is important to note that the effects of testosterone on Vo2 max and athletic performance are not well understood, and more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and risks of using testosterone for these purposes.
It is also important to note that testosterone is a controlled substance and is only legal to use with a prescription. The use of testosterone without medical supervision can be dangerous and may carry significant health risks, including an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and prostate cancer. It is important for individuals to consult with a healthcare provider before using any type of testosterone supplement or injection.
Most Accurate Way to Measure Vo2 Max
The most accurate way to measure Vo2 max is through a laboratory-based graded exercise test, also known as a maximal oxygen uptake test or maximal aerobic capacity test. During this test, an individual performs increasing levels of intensity on a treadmill or stationary bike while wearing a mask that measures the amount of oxygen they are inhaling and exhaling. The test is stopped when the individual reaches their maximum level of exertion or when they can no longer continue due to fatigue. The highest level of oxygen uptake during the test is considered the individual’s Vo2 max.
Laboratory-based graded exercise tests are typically conducted by trained professionals in a controlled environment, and they provide the most accurate measurement of Vo2 max. However, these tests can be time-consuming and may not be practical for all individuals.
There are also several wearable devices that claim to estimate Vo2 max, such as GPS running watches and fitness trackers. These devices use heart rate and other data to estimate Vo2 max during exercise, but their accuracy can vary and they should not be used as a substitute for a laboratory-based test.
What are Average Vo2 Max Levels by Age?
Vo2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is typically expressed in milliliters of oxygen per minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/min/kg). Vo2 max can vary widely among individuals and is influenced by a number of factors, including age, gender, genetics, training status, and body composition.
The average Vo2 max levels by age for males and females are as follows:
- 20-29 years: 42-52 ml/min/kg for males, 33-43 ml/min/kg for females
- 30-39 years: 39-49 ml/min/kg for males, 30-40 ml/min/kg for females
- 40-49 years: 36-46 ml/min/kg for males, 27-37 ml/min/kg for females
- 50-59 years: 33-43 ml/min/kg for males, 24-34 ml/min/kg for females
- 60-69 years: 30-40 ml/min/kg for males, 21-31 ml/min/kg for females
It is important to note that these are averages and that actual Vo2 max levels can vary significantly from person to person. In general, higher levels of Vo2 max are associated with better cardiovascular fitness and athletic performance. However, it is important to remember that Vo2 max is just one factor that can impact athletic performance, and other factors such as muscle strength, power, and technique also play important roles.
Is Vo2 Max a Predictor of Heart Health?
Vo2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is typically expressed in milliliters of oxygen per minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/min/kg) and is considered an important indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance.
There is some evidence to suggest that Vo2 max may be a predictor of heart health. For example, a study published in the journal Circulation found that lower levels of Vo2 max were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men. Another study published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine found that higher levels of Vo2 max were associated with a lower risk of heart disease and stroke in women.
However, it is important to note that Vo2 max is just one factor that can impact heart health, and other factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight also play important roles. It is important for individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including engaging in regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, in order to promote heart health.
Is Vo2 Max a Predictor of Longevity?
Vo2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise. It is typically expressed in milliliters of oxygen per minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/min/kg) and is considered an important indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance.
There is some evidence to suggest that Vo2 max may be a predictor of longevity, or the length of time that an individual is expected to live. For example, a study published in the journal JAMA Network Open found that higher levels of Vo2 max were associated with a lower risk of mortality in both men and women. Another study published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise found that higher levels of Vo2 max were associated with a longer lifespan in older adults.
However, it is important to note that Vo2 max is just one factor that can impact longevity, and other factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and overall health also play important roles. It is important for individuals to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including engaging in regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, in order to promote overall health and potentially increase lifespan.
How can I improve my Vo2 Max?
There are several ways that you can improve your Vo2 max, which is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that you can utilize during intense exercise. Vo2 max is considered an important indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance, and it is often used to assess your potential for endurance exercise and sports performance. Some ways to improve your Vo2 max include:
Engage in regular aerobic exercise: Engaging in regular aerobic exercise, such as running, cycling, or swimming, can help improve your Vo2 max. It is important to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your workouts over time in order to challenge your body and improve your fitness.
Incorporate high-intensity interval training: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves short bursts of intense exercise followed by periods of rest or active recovery. HIIT has been shown to be an effective way to improve Vo2 max, as it can help increase the amount of oxygen your body is able to deliver to your muscles.
Train at altitude: Training at high altitudes can help improve your Vo2 max by increasing the amount of red blood cells in your body, which can help improve your body’s ability to deliver oxygen to your muscles.
Get adequate rest and recovery: It is important to allow your body time to rest and recover between workouts in order to allow your muscles to repair and adapt. Adequate rest and recovery can help improve your Vo2 max and overall fitness.
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new exercise program, particularly if you have any underlying health conditions.
HGH Injections were Shown to Improve Vo2 Max
There is some evidence to suggest that growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy may improve Vo2 Max in certain individuals. A study of GH-deficient adults found that GH therapy resulted in a significant increase in Vo2 Max, as well as improved exercise capacity and body composition. Other studies have also reported similar findings.
In one study, the effects of 6 months of growth hormone injection therapy data in 20 patients were analyzed. The effects of 6 months of replacement therapy with recombinant HGH on physical work capacity, cardiac structure, and cardiac function were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Oxygen consumption (VO2), CO2 production, and ventilatory volumes were measured during exercise on a bicycle. The VO2 max data expressed per kg BW (mL/min.kg BW) showed a significant increase from 23.2 +/- 2.4 to 30.0 +/- 2.3 (P < 0.01) in the HGH-treated group, whereas the VO2 max data, expressed per lean body mass (milliliters per min/kg lean body mass) did not change significantly in either group.
That’s a 30% increase in Vo2 Max. For a normal 50 to 60 year old with a Vo2 Max of 45 one can estimate a 30% increase would result in 58-60.
It is important to note that the effect of HGH therapy on Vo2 Max may vary depending on the individual and the underlying cause of growth hormone deficiency. HGH therapy may be more effective in improving Vo2 Max in individuals with a deficiency than in normal healthy adults. But even top athletes that can obtain a 5 or 10% advantage may be interested in these results.
Reference: Nass R, Huber RM, Klauss V, Müller OA, Schopohl J, Strasburger CJ. Effect of growth hormone (HGH) replacement therapy on physical work capacity and cardiac and pulmonary function in patients with hGH deficiency acquired in adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Feb;80(2):552-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.80.2.7852519. PMID: 7852519.
Some top Athletes with an Extremely High Vo2 Max
VO2 max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an athlete can use during intense exercise. It is typically used to measure the aerobic fitness of athletes and is considered to be an important factor in endurance sports such as running, cycling, and cross-country skiing.
There are many athletes who are known for having high VO2 max values, but it is difficult to determine a definitive list of the “top” athletes because VO2 max can vary greatly depending on the sport and the specific demands of the event. Some athletes who are known for having high VO2 max values include:
Haile Gebrselassie: The Ethiopian long-distance runner is known for having one of the highest VO2 max values ever recorded in a laboratory setting, at around 84 ml/kg/min.
Bjørn Dæhlie: The Norwegian cross-country skier is considered one of the fittest athletes in the world and is known for his high VO2 max values.
Lance Armstrong: The American cyclist was known for his impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have had a VO2 max of around 84 ml/kg/min.
Mo Farah: The British long-distance runner is known for his impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 80 ml/kg/min.
Cristiano Ronaldo: The Portuguese soccer player is known for his impressive fitness levels and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 80 ml/kg/min.
It is worth noting that these values are estimates and may not be accurate, as VO2 max can be difficult to measure accurately in a laboratory setting. Additionally, it is important to remember that VO2 max is just one aspect of athletic performance and that other factors, such as strength, power, and technique, can also play a significant role in an athlete’s success.
Some Top Female Athletes who have a high Vo2 Max
There are many female athletes who are known for their high VO2 max values. Some of the top female athletes with high VO2 max values include:
Paula Radcliffe: The British long-distance runner is known for her impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 80 ml/kg/min.
Ingrid Kristiansen: The Norwegian long-distance runner is known for her impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 78 ml/kg/min.
Molly Huddle: The American long-distance runner is known for her impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 77 ml/kg/min.
Kara Goucher: The American long-distance runner is known for her impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 76 ml/kg/min.
Marielle Hall: The American long-distance runner is known for her impressive aerobic fitness and is believed to have a VO2 max of around 75 ml/kg/min.
Again, it is worth noting that these values are estimates and may not be accurate, as VO2 max can be difficult to measure accurately in a laboratory setting. Additionally, it is important to remember that VO2 max is just one aspect of athletic performance and that other factors, such as strength, power, and technique, can also play a significant role in an athlete’s success.
VO2 Max Video

This VO2 max video does an excellent job of explaining expensive and difficult Vo2 max testing. It also shows how smartwatch technology can estimate VO2 max within close proximity for most individuals.
Will the expensive lab testing for VO2 max remain much longer, or will it become a relic in antiquated expensive medical technology?
Vo2 Max Review
For years VO2 max has been an important measurement of high endurance athletes. It measures maximum aerobic capacity. This is the maximum amount of oxygen your body can process to produce energy.
It was first used scientifically back in 1922. Since then, many elite athletes use it as a benchmark for optimal conditioning. The test itself is cumbersome. It requires running for a number of minutes to reach peak levels. It is tiring and may be risky for those who have not trained.
However, for those looking for a safer, less inconvenient measurement of VO2 max, there is an alternative. It’s the smartwatch or exercise monitor.
By wearing a smartwatch and monitoring resting heart rate, athletes can now get a reasonably accurate estimate of their VO2 max. Anyone with a Fitbit or Apple watch can get this information. However, the most accurate ‘at-home’ style test is a chest strap-on heart monitor device.
Cost of Testing for VO2 Max
Historically, VO2 Max required lab testing. This testing may run as low as $120 per test up to $1,000.
More recently, high-performance endurance athletes are turning to smartwatches. It is becoming more common to scrap the costly Vo2 max in the lab for more economical sports wearable devices. Tests have shown these devices can report reasonably accurate (perhaps +/- 5%) VO2 max levels.
The benefit for endurance athletes is more frequent feedback based on their training and supplementation protocol.
Even an inexpensive Fitbit device has been shown to offer a somewhat accurate heart health score based on VO2 max.
Consistent Exercise Improves VO2 Max in Sedentary Adults
A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials quantifies the effect of aerobic exercise on VO2 max (aerobic fitness) among sedentary older adults. See more at VO2 Max Improved in Older Adults.
The meta-analysis looked at over 40 trials which included a mean age of 60 or more. Its conclusion:
Endurance training improves aerobic fitness in older adults, thus providing protective benefits for cardiovascular aging and quality of later life.
Should You Pay for Expensive VO2 Max Testing?
With the current smart tech on the market today, we recommend against it for most of our patients. Some of the ‘Big-Brand‘ Age Management Clinics still promote this as an important “iron-lung” test regimen in their care for bioidentical hormone replacement, (including HGH), lifestyle modification, diet, and exercise. We don’t. Check your blood biomarkers and get a good watch. That works if you know what to look for.
As more information continues reaching the public through the internet and social media, savvy patients are seeing through the hype and learning elite wellness isn’t achieved with expensive test devices every 6 months. The best testing is done with reasonably accurate measurements performed more frequently (instantaneous feedback on what’s working and what’s not.)
There are alternatives that work just fine for the majority of us interested in improving healthspan.
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The Anti-Aging & Weight Loss Center by Age Metrics Medical is part of the original Anti-Aging and Wellness Medical Clinic (Est. 2013). The clinic is one of the longest-running most successful anti-aging centers in all of Latin America for Weight Loss and Anti-Aging and Wellness therapies. Our doctors are US board-certified in Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine by the A4M.
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